Watch this easy-to-understand explanation of what causes concrete spalling, from concrete expert Chris Sullivan. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques include radar, infrared thermography, and impact-echo, and can reveal a lot without having to open up the concrete. Next, you can drill core samples for analysis in the lab or by a petrographer (someone who studies hardened concrete using microscopy).
First, break away any damaged concrete to determine how deep the damage goes. If you need more information you might have to resort to some destructive and nondestructive evaluation techniques.
Take lots of notes and photos-even video if that would more easily document the problems. Also be sure to have a tape measure to determine the extent of the repairs. Delaminated areas send back a dull hollow sound instead of the hard ringing of sound concrete. Pinging the concrete surface with the hammer will reveal delaminated areas that can be outlined with the paint. Do you have information about the initial construction (mixes, construction drawings, specifications)?Ī good tool to have at this point in the investigation is a hammer and some spray paint.For surface delamination, can you define it as thin scaling or deeper spalling or is it an overlay delamination?.
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If the concrete structure is not in danger of collapse, evaluate it in a series of steps, starting with a simple visual examination: Washington State DOT Ground penetrating radar is used to create an image of the reinforcement inside the concrete. Deteriorated concrete and exposed rebar emphasize the need for immediate repairs.
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